Treatments for Hemorrhagic Strokes (Thuc)

Hemorrhagic stroke is less common but more frequently fatal than ischemic stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke has two main types. Each is named according to the part of the brain affected by the bleeding:

* subarachnoid hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs in the space between the surface of the brain and the skull.
* intracerebral hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs within the brain tissue.

Treatment Options

In a hemorrhagic stroke, treatment is based on the underlying cause of the hemorrhage and the extent of damage to the brain.

Immediate treatment for hemorrhagic strokes is best administered in an intensive care unit, where medical personnel can immediately detect any complications. Sometimes persons experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke develop irregular breathing patterns or stop breathing. Medical intervention may be needed to protect the airway and avoid choking or inhaling secretions into the lungs if a patient is unconscious or semiconscious.

In addition to basic life support, treatment includes:
Medications

If high blood pressure causes a hemorrhagic stroke, antihypertensive drugs are administered to bring blood pressure down. In addition, brain bleeding may cause swelling of surrounding brain tissue, and this may require therapy with drugs called hyperosmotic agents (mannitol, glycerol, and hypertonic saline solutions).

If the hemorrhage resulted from the use of anticoagulants, such as Coumadin or heparin, these medications are discontinued immediately. Medications may be given to reverse the effects of these anticoagulants to reduce bleeding.

In addition, pain relievers and antianxiety medications may relieve the headache that often accompanies hemorrhagic stroke. Medications may be needed to prevent or treat seizures.
Surgery and other procedures

Surgery or another procedure may be needed to save a patient’s life or to improve the chances of meaningful recovery. The type of surgery depends upon the cause of the bleeding, and is usually divided into three categories:

Aneurysm Treatments

* Aneurysm clipping
Aneurysm clipping involves opening the skull to expose the aneurysm and placing a clip to prevent future leaking of blood from the affected artery.
* Endovascular treatment of aneurysms
In this procedure, a radiologist passes a catheter (thin tube) through the artery to the opening into an aneurysm. Detachable platinum coils are then deposited in the aneurysm to fill it up and prevent blood from entering, eliminating the possibility of hemorrhage.

AVM Treatment

* Surgical arteriovenous malformation removal
It is not always possible to remove an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) if it is too large or located deep within the brain. Surgical removal of a smaller AVM from a more accessible portion of the brain can eliminate the risk of AVM rupture.
* Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Stereotactic radiosurgery may be used to obliterate AVMs. This procedure focuses a beam of radiation on the AVM, causing it to clot and eventually disappear.
* Endovascular treatment (coil embolization) of AVMs
This procedure is similar to the treatment for aneurysms. A catheter is inserted into a leg artery and threaded through the body to the brain arteries. The catheter is positioned in one of the feeding arteries to the AVM, and coils, small particles or a gluelike substance is injected to block the vessel and reduce the blood flow into the AVM.

General Hemorrhage Treatments

* Removal of hematoma
Removal of a hematoma may be needed, especially when bleeding occurs in the back of the brain. Some physicians are investigating whether the injection of a clot busting drug inside the hematoma can help with the removal of brain hemorrhages through needles or catheters, therefore allowing less invasive surgery.
* Ventriculostomy
A procedure called ventriculostomy may be performed if fluid accumulates due to bleeding in the brain and needs to be drained


i have an AVM....

it sux!
i use to type well... not any more!
i use to type my friends and they could understand me... not any more!

Filed under Case 4 |

Head injuries result in widespread brain tissue loss one year later

Head injuries result in widespread brain tissue loss one year later

May provide important clue to why patients are left with
behavioural handicaps

TORONTO, March 3 /CNW/ - In a rare, large-scale study of traumatic brain
injury (TBI) patients who span the full range of severity from mild to
moderate and severe, Canadian researchers have found that the more severe the
injury, the greater the loss of brain tissue - particularly white matter.
"This is an important finding as TBI is one of the most common forms of
disability," said Dr. Brian Levine, Senior Scientist at Baycrest's Rotman
Research Institute and lead author of the study, published in the March 4,
2008 issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of
Neurology.
TBI causes both localized damage through bruises or bleeds, as well as
more diffuse damage through disconnection of brain cells, which ultimately
causes cell death. Both kinds of damage contribute to difficulties with
concentration, working memory, organizing and planning (vital skills for
holding a job), and mood changes.
In the study, 69 TBI patients were recruited from Sunnybrook Health
Sciences Centre, Canada's largest trauma centre, one year after injury.
Eighty percent of the patients sustained their injury from a motor vehicle
accident. Injury severity was determined by the depth of coma or consciousness
alteration at the time of the initial hospitalization. Twelve healthy,
non-injured participants were recruited as the comparison group.
Subjects' brains were scanned with high resolution magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) which provides the most sensitive picture of volume changes in
the brain. The computerized analysis revealed widespread brain tissue loss
that was closely related to the severity of the TBI sustained one year
earlier.
"We were surprised at the extent of volume loss, which encompassed both
frontal and posterior brain regions," said Dr. Levine. Brain tissue loss was
greatest in the white matter (containing axons which can be compared to
telephone wire interconnectivity), but also involved grey matter (containing
the cell bodies important for information processing).
Investigators were surprised to find that volume loss was widespread even
in TBI patients who had no obvious lesions on their MRI scans. "A significant
blow to the head causing loss of consciousness can cause extensive reduction
of brain tissue volume that may evade detection by traditional qualitative
radiological examination," Dr. Levine noted.
He is leading follow-up studies on the same group of TBI patients to
examine more closely the significance of localized white and grey matter
volume loss on behaviour.
The research team for the Neurology paper included Dr. Sandra Black,
Neurosciences Program Research Director at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre,
Brill Professor of Neurology, Department of Medicine, at Sunnybrook and
University of Toronto, and Senior Scientist at Sunnybrook and the Rotman
Institute at Baycrest. Both Baycrest and Sunnybrook are fully affiliated with
the University of Toronto.
The study was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health
Research and the National Institutes of Health.




For further information: Kelly Connelly, Senior Media Officer, Rotman
Research Institute, Baycrest, kconnelly@baycrest.org, P. (416) 785-2432,
www.baycrest.org

Is today D-Day for the Recording Industry?

Is today D-Day for the Recording Industry?

October 10, 2007 at 4:32 pm · Filed under Internets, MP3, Music

Today marks the unprecedented release of Radiohead’s “In Rainbows,” which I mentioned ten days ago.

When I pre-ordered the download and was prompted to name a price, I opted to pay nothing. Now, I have been listening to Radiohead since I was in middle school and have owned store-bought copies of all of their albums at some point or another. Some have been lost, some have been “borrowed” and never returned, some are too scratched to play, having been spun around so many times. I’ve bought “The Bends” four times and I don’t even know where my current copy is right now (Thank goodness for iTunes). I want the discbox, but I was scared to spend $80 on something I had barely heard a note of. I think that’s fair. Plus I’ve wanted to see Radiohead live for ten years now, and intend to do so on the first opportunity that arises.

read more here....click here

got a song stuck in my head!

yep, it is psycho killer!

it is like working agian!

here is a nother version...


hese one more from Talking Heaed


wow i should get some sleep....



good night!



nice!